Storage & Bandwidth

Data Storage & Bandwidth Converter

Instantly convert between Bytes, Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB), Terabytes (TB), binary units (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB), and estimate network download / upload transfer times.

Decimal vs. Binary:
• Decimal: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes (Drive manufacturers)
• Binary: 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes (Windows OS & RAM)
• 1 Byte = 8 Bits (b vs. B)

Storage Size Conversion

UnitValueSymbolAction
Bytes1.0000e+11B
Kilobytes (Decimal)100,000,000KB
Megabytes (Decimal)100,000MB
Gigabytes (Decimal)100GB
Terabytes (Decimal)0.1TB
Petabytes (Decimal)0.0001PB
Unit (Base 2)ValueSymbolAction
Kibibytes (Binary)97,656,250KiB
Mebibytes (Binary)95,367.431641MiB
Gibibytes (Binary)93.132257GiB
Tebibytes (Binary)0.090949TiB
Pebibytes (Binary)8.8818e-5PiB
UnitValueSymbolAction
Bits8.0000e+11b
Kilobits800,000,000Kb
Megabits800,000Mb
Gigabits800Gb

Download & Transfer Time Calculator

Calculate how long it takes to download, upload, or transfer a file over a given internet or network connection speed.

Note: ISPs advertise speed in Megabits per second (Mbps). 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s.
Estimated Transfer Time
33 mins 20 secs
Approx. 2,000 seconds under ideal 100% network efficiency.

Why is my 1 TB drive only 931 GB?

Hard drive and SSD manufacturers define 1 TB as 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (decimal SI prefix).

Operating systems like Microsoft Windows measure storage in binary gibibytes (GiB, 1024^3 bytes). Dividing 1,000,000,000,000 by 1,073,741,824 yields ~931.32 GiB. Your drive isn't missing space; it is simply formatted and reported in binary units!

Complete Digital Storage & Bandwidth Guide

Decimal (SI) vs. Binary (IEC) Storage Units

Digital storage uses two distinct standards. Decimal units (KB, MB, GB, TB) scale by powers of 10 (1000). Binary units (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) scale by powers of 2 (1024), standard in RAM and Windows filesystems.

UnitDecimal (SI Base 10)UnitBinary (IEC Base 2)
1 KB1,000 Bytes1 KiB1,024 Bytes
1 MB1,000,000 Bytes1 MiB1,048,576 Bytes
1 GB1,000,000,000 Bytes1 GiB1,073,741,824 Bytes
1 TB1,000,000,000,000 Bytes1 TiB1,099,511,627,776 Bytes

Bandwidth Transfer Time Formula

Internet service providers advertise bandwidth in Megabits per second (Mbps), while files are measured in Megabytes (MB). Because there are 8 bits in a byte:

Transfer Time (seconds) = [ File Size in Megabytes × 8 ] / Bandwidth in Mbps
Example (50 GB at 100 Mbps):
(50,000 MB × 8) / 100 Mbps = 400,000 / 100 = 4,000 seconds (~1 hr 6 min)

Real-World Overhead: Real TCP/IP networking typically suffers 10% to 15% protocol overhead and packet loss, meaning real download times are slightly longer.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

A bit (lowercase 'b') is the most fundamental unit of digital information, having a value of either 0 or 1. A byte (uppercase 'B') consists of 8 bits. Network bandwidth and connection speeds are typically measured in bits per second (e.g. 500 Mbps), whereas file sizes and storage capacities are measured in bytes (e.g. 500 MB). To convert from Mbps to MB/s, divide by 8.

A Kilobyte (KB) uses the standard decimal SI prefix where 1 KB = 1,000 bytes (10^3). A Kibibyte (KiB) uses the binary IEC prefix where 1 KiB = 1,024 bytes (2^10). The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) introduced prefixes like KiB, MiB, GiB, and TiB to remove ambiguity between powers of 10 and powers of 2 in digital computing.

In standard decimal (SI) notation, there are exactly 1,000 Megabytes in 1 Gigabyte. In binary computing notation (often labeled as GiB or colloquially as GB in Windows), there are 1,024 Mebibytes (MiB) in 1 Gibibyte (GiB).

Yes, 100%. All storage calculations and download time estimations are executed entirely client-side inside your browser via JavaScript. No numbers, queries, or user telemetry are ever sent to remote servers.